Ngokombiko wakamuva imboni yezindwangu yomhlaba wonke ilinganiselwa ezigidini ezilinganiselwa ku-USD 920, futhi izofinyelela cishe ku-USD 1,230 bhiliyoni ngo-2024.
Imboni yezindwangu iguquke kakhulu kusukela kwasungulwa i-cotton gin ngekhulu le-18.Lesi sifundo sibonisa izitayela zakamuva zendwangu emhlabeni jikelele futhi sihlola ukukhula komkhakha.Izindwangu ziyimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngefayibha, imicu, intambo, noma intambo, futhi ingaba zobuchwepheshe noma evamile kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwazo.Izindwangu zobuchwepheshe zenzelwe umsebenzi othile.Izibonelo zihlanganisa isihlungi samafutha noma inabukeni.Izindwangu ezivamile zenzelwe ubuhle kuqala, kodwa futhi zingaba usizo.Izibonelo zihlanganisa amabhantshi nezicathulo.
Imboni yezindwangu iyimakethe yomhlaba wonke enkulukazi ethinta wonke amazwe emhlabeni ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.Isibonelo, abantu abathengisa ukotini bakhuphule amanani ngasekupheleni kwawo-2000 ngenxa yezinkinga zezitshalo kodwa babuye baphelelwa ukotini njengoba wawudayiswa ngokushesha.Ukwenyuka kwentengo kanye nokushoda kwabo kwabonakala emananini abathengi bemikhiqizo equkethe ukotini, okuholele ekwehleni kokuthengiswa.Lesi isibonelo esihle sokuthi umdlali ngamunye embonini angabathinta kanjani abanye.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, izitayela kanye nokukhula zilandela lo mthetho futhi.
Ngokombono wembulunga yonke, imboni yendwangu iyimakethe ekhula njalo, izimbangi ezinkulu ziyi-China, i-European Union, i-United States, ne-India.
I-China: Umdidiyeli Ohamba Phambili Nomdayisi Wangaphandle
I-China ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni futhi ethumela ngaphandle kokubili kwendwangu eluhlaza nezingubo.Futhi yize i-China ithumela izingubo ezincane nezindwangu eziningi emhlabeni ngenxa yobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, izwe ligcina isikhundla njengomkhiqizi ophezulu kanye nomkhiqizi ongaphandle.Ikakhulukazi, amasheya emakethe yaseChina ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwehle kusukela ku-38.8% ngo-2014 kuya erekhodini eliphansi lama-30.8% ngo-2019 (lalingama-31.3% ngo-2018), ngokusho kwe-WTO.Ngaleso sikhathi, i-China yaba nama-39.2% okuthunyelwa kwendwangu emhlabeni wonke ngo-2019, okwakuyirekhodi elisha eliphezulu.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-China idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengomhlinzeki wendwangu emazweni amaningi athumela izimpahla e-Asia.
Abadlali Abasha: I-India, iVietnam kanye ne-Bangladesh
Ngokusho kwe-WTO, i-India iyimboni yesithathu ngobukhulu yezindwangu futhi iphethe inani lokuthekelisa elingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-USD 30.I-India inesibopho sokungaphezulu kuka-6% wesamba sokukhiqizwa kwendwangu, emhlabeni jikelele, futhi inenani elilinganiselwa ku-USD 150 billion.
IVietnam yeqe i-Taiwan futhi yaklelisa endaweni yesikhombisa ngobukhulu emhlabeni othumela izindwangu ngo-2019 ($8.8bn yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, ikhuphuke ngo-8.3% kusukela ngonyaka owedlule), okokuqala ngqa emlandweni.Lolu shintsho luphinde lubonise imizamo yaseVietnam yokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imboni yayo yendwangu nezingubo kanye nokuqinisa umthamo wendawo wokukhiqiza izindwangu iyakhokha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma izimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zivela eVietnam (zikhuphuke ngo-7.7%) nase-Bangladesh (ezenyuke ngo-2.1%) zijabulele ukukhula ngokushesha ngokwemibandela ephelele ngo-2019, ukuzuza kwabo kumasheya emakethe bekunomkhawulo (okungukuthi, alukho ushintsho eVietnam futhi phezulu kancane. Iphuzu lamaphesenti angu-0.3 lisuka ku-6.8% laya ku-6.5% e-Bangladesh).Lo mphumela ukhombisa ukuthi ngenxa yemikhawulo yamandla, alikho izwe elilodwa elisavela ukuthi libe “yi-China Elandelayo.”Esikhundleni salokho, amasheya emakethe e-China alahlekile ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle agcwaliswe yiqembu lamazwe ase-Asia esewonke.
Imakethe yezindwangu ihlangabezane ne-roller coaster ride kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.Ngenxa yokuwohloka komnotho okuqondile kwezwe, ukulimala kwezitshalo, nokuntuleka komkhiqizo, kube nezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga ezithiya ukukhula kwemboni yendwangu.Imboni yezindwangu e-United States ibone ukukhula okukhulu engxenyeni yeshumi nambili edlule futhi inyuke ngo-14% ngaleso sikhathi.Nakuba ukuqashwa kungakhulanga kakhulu, kuye kwalingana, okuwumehluko omkhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-2000 lapho kwaba nokudilizwa okukhulu.
Kusukela namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-20 nezingu-60 abantu abaqashwe embonini yendwangu emhlabeni wonke.Ukuqashwa embonini yezingubo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho njenge-India, Pakistan, kanye neVietnam.Imboni ithatha cishe u-2% weGross Domestic Product futhi ibalwa nengxenye enkulu nakakhulu ye-GDP kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili emhlabeni nabathumela izindwangu nezingubo kwamanye amazwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-02-2022